詩集傳序
或有問予曰、詩何為而作也。予應之曰、人生而靜、 天之性也、感於物而動、 性之欲也 ?C夫既有欲矣、 則不能無思。 既有思矣、則不能無言。既有言矣、則言之所不能盡、 爾?o於咨嗟詠歎之餘者、必有自然之音響節族﹙音奏﹚而不能已焉。 此詩之所以作也。曰、然則其所以教者何也。曰、詩者、人心之感物而形於言之餘也。心之所感而邪正、故言之所形有是非。惟聖人在上、則其所感者無不正、而其言皆足以為教。其或感之之雜、而所發不能無可擇者、則上之人必思所以自反、而因有以勸懲之、是亦所以為教也。昔周盛之時、上?菢未q朝廷而下達於鄉黨閭巷、其言粹然而不出於正者、 聖人固已協之聲律、而用之鄉人、用之邦國、以化天下。至於列國之詩、則天子巡狩、亦必陳而觀之、 以行黜陟之典。降自?L穆而後、寖以陵夷。至於東遷、而遂廢不講矣。孔子生於其時、既不得位、無以行勸黜陟?妞F、於是特舉其籍而討論之、去其重複、正其紛亂、而其善之不足以為法、惡之不足以為?椌怴B則亦刊而去之、以從簡約、示久遠、使夫學者即是而有以考其得失、善者師之而惡者?鼤j。是以其正雖不足以行於一時、而其教實被於萬世、是則詩之所以為教者然也。曰、然?h國風雅頌之體、其不同若是、何也。曰、吾聞之、凡詩之所謂風者、多出於里巷歌謠之作?B所謂男女相與詠歌、各言其情者也。惟周南昭南親被文王之化以成德、而人皆有以得其性?﹞坏縑B故其發於言者、樂而不過於淫、哀而不及於傷、是以而篇獨為風詩之正經。自邶而?U、則其國之治亂不同、人之賢否亦異、其所感而發者、有邪正是非之不齊、而所謂先王之?楫怴B於此焉變矣。若夫雅頌之篇、則皆成周之世、朝廷郊廟樂歌之辭、其語和而莊、其義?e而密、其作者往往聖人之徒、固所以為萬師法程而不可易者也。至於雅之變者、亦皆一時?憭H君子、閔時病俗之所為、而聖人取之、其忠厚側怛之心、陳善之意、尤非後世能言之士所能及之。此詩之為經、所以人事浹於天下、天道備於上、而無一理之不具也。曰、然則其學之也當奈何。曰、本之二南以求其端、參之列國以盡其變、正之於雅以大其規、和之於頌以要其止、此學詩之大旨也。於是乎章句以綱之、訓詁以紀之、諷詠以昌之、涵濡以體之、察之性情隱微之間、審之言行樞機之始、則修身及家、平均天下之道、亦不待他求而得之?韟麂o。問者唯唯而退、余時方輯詩傳、因悉次是語以冠其篇云。
淳熙四年丁酉冬十月戊子、新安朱熹序
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國風
(LESSONS FROM THE STATES)
國者、諸候所封之域、而風者、民俗歌謠之詩也。謂之風者、以其被上之化以有言、而其言又足以感人、如物因風之動以有聲、而其聲又足以動物也。是以諸候采之以貢於天子、天子受之而列於樂官、於以考其俗尚之美惡、而知其政治之得失焉。舊說二南為正風、所以用之閨門鄉黨邦國而化天下也。十三國為變風、則亦領在樂官、以時存肄、備觀省而垂監戎耳?B合之凡十五國云。
周南 (THE ODES OF ZHOU AND THE SOUTH)
1. 關睢 GUAN JU
關關雎鳩、在河之洲。
窈宨淑女、君子好逑。
參差荇菜、左右流之。
窈宨淑女、寤寐求之。
求之不得、寤寐思服。
悠哉悠哉、輾轉反側。
參差荇菜、左右采之。
窈宨淑女、琴瑟友之。
參差荇菜、左右芼之。
窈宨淑女、 鍾鼓樂之。
Guan-guan go the ospreys ,
On the islet in the river .
The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --
For our prince a good mate she .
Here long , there short , is the duckweed ,
To the left , to the right , borne about by the current .
The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --
Waking and sleeping , he sought her .
He sought her and found her not ,
And waking and sleeping he thought about her .
Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;
On his side , on his back , he turned , and back again .
Here long , there short , is the duckweed ;
On the left , on the right , we gather it .
The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --
With lutes , small and large , let us give her friendly welcome .
Here long , there short , is the duckweed ;
On the left , on the right , we cook and present it .
The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --
With bells and drums let us show our delight in her .
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2. 葛覃 GE TAN
葛之覃兮、施于中谷。
維葉萋萋、黃鳥于飛。
集于灌木、其鳴喈喈。
葛之覃兮、施于中谷。
維葉莫莫、是刈是濩。
為絺為綌、服之無斁。
言告師氏、言告言歸。
薄污我私、薄澣我衣。
害澣害否、歸寧父母 。
How the dolichos spread itself out ,
Extending to the middle of the valley !
Its leaves were luxuriant ;
The yellow birds flew about ,
And collected on the thickly growing trees ,
Their pleasant notes resounding far .
How the dolichos spread itself out ,
Extending to the middle of the valley !
Its leaves were luxuriant and dense .
I cut it and I boiled it ,
And made both fine cloth and coarse ,
Which I will wear without getting tired of it .
I have told the matron ,
Who will announce that I am going to see my parents .
I will wash my private clothes clean ,
And I will rinse my robes .
Which need to be rinsed , which do not ?
I am going back to visit my parents.
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3. 卷耳 JUAN ER
采采卷耳、不盈頃筐。
嗟我懷人、寘彼周行。
陟彼崔嵬、我馬虺隤。
我姑酌彼金罍、維以不永懷。
陟彼高岡、我馬玄黃。
我姑酌彼兕觥、維以不永傷。
陟彼砠矣、我馬瘏矣、我僕痡矣、云何吁矣。
I was gathering and gathering the mouse-ear ,
But could not fill my shallow basket .
With a sigh for the man of my heart ,
I placed it there on the highway .
I was ascending that rock-covered height ,
But my horses were too tired to breast it .
I will now pour a cup from that gilded vase ,
Hoping I may not have to think of him long .
I was ascending that lofty ridge ,
But my horses turned of a dark yellow .
I will now take a cup from that rhinoceros' horn ,
Hoping I may not have long to sorrow .
I was ascending that flat-topped height ,
But my horses became quite disabled ,
And my servants were [also] disabled .
Oh ! how great is my sorrow !
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4. 樛木 JIU MU
南有樛木、葛藟纍之。
樂只君子、福履綏之。
南有樛木、葛藟荒之。
樂只君子、福履將之。
南有樛木、葛藟縈之。
樂只君子、福履成之。
In the south are trees with curved drooping branches ,
With the doliches creepers clinging to them .
To be rejoiced in is our princely lady : --
May she repose in her happiness and dignity !
In the south are the trees with curved drooping branches ,
Covered by the dolichos creepers .
To be rejoiced in is our princely lady : --
May she be great in her happiness and dignity !
In the south are the trees with curved drooping branches ,
Round which the dolichos creepers twine .
To be rejoiced in is our princely lady : --
May she be complete in her happiness and dignity !
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5. 螽斯 ZHONG SI
螽斯羽、詵詵兮。
宜爾子孫、振振兮。
螽斯羽、薨薨兮。
宜爾子孫、繩繩兮。
螽斯羽、揖揖兮。
宜爾子孫、蟄蟄兮。
Ye locusts , winged tribes ,
How harmoniously you collect together !
Right is it that your descendants
Should be multitudinous !
Ye locusts , winged tribes ,
How sound your wings in flight !
Right is it that your descendents
Should be as in unbroken strings !
Ye locusts , winged tribes ,
How you cluster together !
Right is it that your descendents
Should be in swarms !
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6. 桃夭 TAO YAO
桃之夭夭、灼灼其華。
之子于歸、宜其家室。
桃之夭夭、有蕡其實。
之子于歸、宜其室家。
桃之夭夭、其葉蓁蓁。
之子于歸、宜其家人。
The peach tree is young and elegant ;
Brilliant are its flowers .
This young lady is going to her future home ,
And will order well her chamber and house .
The peach tree is young and elegant ;
Abundant will be its fruits .
This young lady is going to her future home ,
And will order well her chamber and house .
The peach tree is young and elegant ;
Luxuriant are its leaves .
This young lady is going to her future home ,
And will order well her family .
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7. 兔罝 TU JU
肅肅兔罝、椓之丁丁。
赳赳武夫、公侯干城。
肅肅兔罝、施于中逵。
赳赳武夫、公侯好仇。
肅肅兔罝、施于中林。
赳赳武夫、公侯腹心。
Carefully adjusted are the rabbit nets ;
Clang clang go the blows on the pegs .
That stalwart , martial man
Might be shield and wall to his prince .
Carefully adjusted are the rabbit nets ,
And placed where many ways meet .
That stalwart , martial man
Would be a good companion for his prince .
Carefully adjusted are the rabbit nets ,
And placed in the midst of the forest .
That stalwart , martial man
Might be head and heart to his prince .
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8. 芣苡 FOU YI
采采芣苡、薄言采之。
采采芣苡、薄言有之。
采采芣苡、薄言掇之。
采采芣苡、薄言捋之。
采采芣苡、薄言袺之。
采采芣苡、薄言襭之。
We gather and gather the plantains ;
Now we may gather them .
We gather and gather the plantains ;
Now we have got them .
We gather and gather the plantains ;
Now we pluck the ears .
We gather and gather the plantains ;
Now we rub out the seeds .
We gather and gather the plantains ;
Now we place the seeds in our skirts .
We gather and gather the plantains ;
Now we tuck out skirts under our girdles .
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9. 漢廣 HAN GUANG
南有喬木、不可休息。
漢有游女、不可求思。
漢之廣矣、不可泳思。
江之永矣、不可方思。
翹翹錯薪、言刈其楚。
之子于歸、言秣其馬。
漢之廣矣、不可泳思。
江之永矣、不可方思。
翹翹錯薪、言刈其蔞 。
之子于歸、言秣其駒 。
漢之廣矣、不可泳思 。
江之永矣、不可方思 。
In the south rise the trees without branches ,
Affording no shelter .
By the Han are girls rambling about ,
But it is vain to solicit them .
The breath of the Han
Cannot be dived across ;
The length of the Jiang
Cannot be navigated with a raft .
Many are the bundles of firewood ;
I would cut down the thorns [to form more] .
Those girls that are going to their future home , --
I would feed their horses .
The breadth of the Han
Cannot be dived across ;
The length of the Jiang ,
Cannot be navigated with a raft .
Many are the bundles of firewood ;
I would cut down the southern wood [to form more] .
Those girls that are going to their future home , --
I would feed their colts .
The breadth of the Han
Cannot be dived across ;
The length of the Jiang
Cannot be navigated with a raft .
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10. 汝墳 RU FEN
遵彼汝墳、伐其條枚。
未見君子、惄如調飢。
遵彼汝墳、伐其條肆。
既見君子、不我遐棄。
魴魚赬尾、王室如燬 。
雖則如燬、父母孔邇 。
Along those raised banks of the Ru ,
I cut down the branches and slender stems .
While I could not see my lord ,
I felt as it were pangs of great hunger .
Along those raised banks of the Ru ,
I cut down the branches and fresh twigs .
I have seen my lord ;
He has not cast me away .
The bream is showing its tail all red ;
The royal House is like a blazing fire .
Though it be like a blazing fire ,
Your parents are very near .
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11. 麟之趾 LIN ZHI ZHI
麟之趾、振振公子。
于嗟麟兮。
麟之定、振振公姓。
于嗟麟兮。
麟之角、振振公族。
于嗟麟兮。
The feet of the Lin : --
The noble sons of our prince ,
Ah ! they are the Lin !
The forehead of the Lin : --
The noble grandsons of our prince ,
Ah ! they are the Lin !
The horn of the Lin : --
The noble kindred of our prince ,
Ah ! they are the Lin !
召南 (THE ODES OF SHAO AND THE SOUTH)
12. 鵲巢 QUE CHAO
維鵲有巢、維鳩居之。
之子于歸、百兩御之。
維鵲有巢、維鳩方之。
之子于歸、百兩將之。
維鵲有巢、維鳩盈之。
之子于歸、百兩成之。
The nest is the magpie's ;
The dove dwells in it .
This young lady is going to her future home ;
A hundred carriages are meeting her .
The nest is the magpie's ;
The dove possesses it .
This young lady is going to her future home ;
A hundred carriages are escorting her .
The nest is the magpie's ;
The dove fills it .
This young lady is going to her future home ;
These hundreds of carriages complete her array .
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13. 采蘩 CAI FAN
于以采蘩、于沼于沚。
于以用之、公侯之事。
于以采蘩、于澗之中。
于以用之、公侯之宮。
被之僮僮、夙夜在公。
被之祁祁、薄言還歸。
She gathers the white southernwood ,
By the ponds , on the islets .
She employs it ,
In the business of our prince .
She gathers the white southernwood ,
Along the streams in the valleys .
She employs it ,
In the temple of our prince .
With head-dress reverently rising aloft ,
Early , while yet it is night, she is in the prince's temple ;
In her dead-dress, slowly retiring ,
She returns to her own apartments .
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14. 草蟲 CAO CHONG
喓喓草蟲、趯趯阜螽
未見君子、憂心忡忡。
亦既見止、亦既覯止、我心則降。
陟彼南山、言采其蕨。
未見君子、憂心惙惙。
亦既見止、亦既覯止、我心則說。
陟彼南山、言采其薇。
未見君子、我心傷悲。
亦既見止、亦既覯止、我心則夷。
Yao-yao went the grass-insects ,
And the hoppers sprang about .
While I do not see my lord ,
My sorrowful heart is agitated .
Let me have seen him ,
Let me have met him ,
And my heart will then be stilled .
I ascended that hill in the south ,
And gathered the turtle-foot ferns .
While I do not see my lord ,
My sorrowful heart is very sad .
Let me have seen him ,
Let me have met him ,
And my heart will then be pleased .
I ascended that hill in the south ,
And gathered the thorn-ferns .
While I do not see my lord ,
My sorrowful heart is wounded with grief .
Let me have seen him ,
Let me have met him ,
And my heart will then be at peace .
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15. 采蘋 CAI PING
于以采蘋、南澗之濱。
于以采藻、于彼行潦。
于以盛之、維筐及筥。
于以湘之、維錡及釜。
于以奠之、宗室牖下。
誰起尸之、有齊季女。
She gathers the large duckweed ,
By the banks of the stream in the southern valley .
She gathers the pondweed ,
In those pools left by the floods .
She deposits what she gathers ,
In her square baskets and round ones
She boils it ,
In her tripods and pans .
She sets forth her preparations ,
Under the window in the ancestral chamber .
Who superintends the business ?
It is [this] reverent young lady .
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16. 甘棠 GAN TANG
蔽芾甘棠、勿翦勿伐、召伯所茇。
蔽芾甘棠、勿翦勿敗、召伯所憩。
蔽芾甘棠、勿翦勿拜、召伯所說。
[This] umbrageous sweet pear-tree ; --
Clip it not, hew it not down .
Under it the chief of Zhou lodged .
[This] umbrageous sweet pear-tree ; --
Clip it not , break not a twig of it .
Under it the chief of Zhou rested .
[This] umbrageous sweet pear-tree ; --
Clip it not , bend not a twig of it .
Under it the chief of Zhou halted .
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17. 行露 XING LU
厭浥行露、豈不夙夜、謂行多露。
誰謂雀無角、何以穿我屋。
誰謂女無家、何以速我獄。
雖速我獄、室家不足。
誰謂鼠無牙、何以穿我墉。
誰謂女無家、何以速我訟。
雖速我獄、亦不女從。
Wet lay the dew on the path : --
Might I not [have walked there] in the early dawn ?
But I said there was [too] much dew on the path .
Who can say the sparrow has no horn ?
How else can it bore through my house ?
Who can say that you did not get me betrothed ?
How else could you have urged on this trial ?
But though you have forced me to trial ,
Your ceremonies for betrothal were not sufficient .
Who can say that the rat has no molar teeth ?
How else could it bore through my wall ?
Who can say that you did not get me betrothed ?
How else could you have urged on this trial ?
But though you have forced me to trial ,
I will still not follow you .
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18. 羔羊 GAO YANG
羔羊之皮、素絲五紽。
退食自公、委蛇委蛇。
羔羊之革、素絲五緎。
委蛇委蛇、自公退食。
羔羊之縫、素絲五總。
委蛇委蛇、退食自公。
[Those] lamb-skins and sheep-skins ,
With their five braidings of white silk !
They have retired from the court to take their their meal ;
Easy are they and self-possesed .
[Those] lamb-skins and sheep-skins ,
With their five seams wrought with white silk !
Easy are they and self-possessed ;
They have retired from the court to take their their meal .
The seams of [those] lamb-skins and sheep-skins ,
The five joinings wrought with white silk !
Easy are they and self-possessed ;
They have retired to take their their meal from the court .
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19. 殷其雷 YIN QI LEI
殷其雷、在南山之陽。
何斯違斯、莫敢或遑。
振振君子、歸哉歸哉。
殷其雷、在南山之側。
何斯違斯、莫敢遑息。
振振君子、歸哉歸哉。
殷其雷、在南山之下。
何斯違斯、莫敢遑處。
振振君子、歸哉歸哉。
Grandly rolls the thunder ,
On the south of the southern hill !
How was it he went away from this ,
Not daring to take a little rest ?
My noble lord !
May he return ! May he return !
Grandly rolls the thunder ,
About the sides of the southern hill !
How was it he went away from this ,
Not daring to take a little rest ?
My noble lord !
May he return ! May he return !
Grandly rolls the thunder ,
At the foot of the southern hill !
How was it he went away from this ,
Not remaining a little at rest ?
My noble lord !
May he return ! May he return !
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20. 摽有梅 BIAO YOU MEI
摽有梅、其實七兮。
求我庶士、迨其吉兮。
摽有梅、其實三兮。
求我庶士、迨其今兮。
摽有梅、頃筐塈之。
求我庶士、迨其謂之。
Dropping are the fruits from the plum-tree ;
There are [but] seven [tenths] of them left !
For the gentlemen who seek me ,
This is the fortunate time !
Dropping are the fruits from the plum-tree ;
There are [but] three [tenths] of them left !
For the gentlemen who seek me ,
Now is the time .
Dropt are the fruits from the plum-tree ;
In my shallow basket I have collected them .
Would the gentlemen who seek me
[Only] speak about it !
[1] [2]
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